Transparency and accountability are fundamental to sound fiduciary decision-making, particularly where a will provides for the establishment of a testamentary trust holding assets for the benefit of minors or other vulnerable beneficiaries. It is common practice for close relatives to be appointed as trustees in these trusts. However, as governance standards have evolved, so too has the recognition that good intentions alone are not sufficient.  Modern fiduciary practice increasingly emphasises the appointment of an unbiased, independent trustee to ensure that decisions are made with the necessary expertise, impartiality, and avoidance of conflicts of interest.

Objectivity at the forefront
The landmark ruling handed down in the well-known and often cited Supreme Court of Appeal case of Land and Agricultural Bank of South Africa v Parker and Others (2005) 2 SA 77 (SCA) fundamentally reshaped South African trust law. The court scrutinised family-controlled trusts and emphasised that the only way to enforce true separation between the control and enjoyment of trust assets is to appoint independent trustees. Following the decision, Chief Master's Directive 2 of 2017 reinforced the necessity for independent trustees in family business trusts, which are trusts that combine the characteristics of contracting with independent third parties (creating creditors), all trustees are beneficiaries, and all beneficiaries are related to each other. 

While this directive does not strictly apply to testamentary trusts, which are founded on the wishes expressed in a deceased’s will, it provides a valid basis and explanation for appointing an independent trustee. 

Without proper oversight, family-run trusts, including testamentary trusts, may unintentionally drift away from sound fiduciary standards and the founder’s original intentions.

The benefits of appointing an independent trustee

1. Enhancing transparency and preventing conflicts

Trustees act in a fiduciary capacity, which requires them to prioritise the trust's purpose and the beneficiaries' interests.  Where trustees are closely involved in family dynamics, conflicts of interest can arise, whether deliberately or unintentionally.

An independent trustee provides:

• An impartial voice in decision-making.
• Oversight to prevent mismanagement or misuse of trust assets.
• Transparent decision-making, with proper reasoning documented for key decisions.

2. Compliance with trust laws and regulations

Testamentary trusts are governed by the Trust Property Control Act 57 of 1988, SARS requirements, and the Financial Intelligence Centre Act 38 of 2001, which imposes strict anti-money laundering obligations. Trustees are personally responsible for compliance, a responsibility that should not be underestimated. 

This is where an independent trustee adds real value. A qualified professional brings the expertise needed to navigate complex legal and regulatory frameworks, ensuring that:

• Fiduciary risks are managed and personal assets are kept separate from trust assets.
• Oversight, disclosures, and administrative duties are handled promptly and accurately.
• Mandatory compliance obligations are met on time, safeguarding the trust and its beneficiaries.

3. Protecting beneficiaries and preserving the founder’s intent

The primary purpose of a testamentary trust is to preserve and advance the interests of the beneficiaries over time. Proper administration, annual meetings, precise accounting, wise investment, and approved distributions are the factors that determine whether the trust meets its original purpose.

A testamentary trust exists because the founder recognised the need for long-term protection, structure, or oversight. That protection is only effective if the trust is administered in a professional manner which adheres to the fiduciary standards.

An independent trustee helps ensure that:

• Distributions are fair and aligned with the last will and testament.
• The trust fulfils the founder's objective over time.
• Trust funds are invested sensibly and in the best interests of beneficiaries.
• Decisions reflect the founder's goal, not personal or familial conflicts.
• The trust structure is compliant and robust enough to serve numerous generations if needed.
  

An independent trustee not only increases transparency but also provides the testator/testatrix the assurance that their interests are being handled properly and competently.

The New Year's resolution
As part of your New Year's resolutions for 2026, let us help you prioritise these critical governance principles in all fiduciary affairs and make them a top priority. Appointing an independent trustee has developed beyond good governance to become an essential safeguard that encourages objectivity, transparency, and compliance, whether you are thinking about reviewing your current trust structures or including provisions for establishing a testamentary trust in your most recent will. Adding an independent trustee to the structure not only strengthens trust governance and protects beneficiaries but also ensures that your wishes are recognised and upheld for many years to come.

Disclaimer: This article is the personal opinion/view of the author(s) and does not necessarily present the views of the firm. The content is provided for information only and should not be seen as an exact or complete exposition of the law. Accordingly, no reliance should be placed on the content for any reason whatsoever, and no action should be taken on the basis thereof unless its application and accuracy have been confirmed by a legal advisor. The firm and author(s) cannot be held liable for any prejudice or damage resulting from action taken based on this content without further written confirmation by the author(s).